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Scientific Watch Bulletin on Rabies

Produced by: United Against Rabies Forum

The Scientific Watch Bulletin on Rabies is a monthly collation of scientific literature on rabies.

This monitoring work is carried out with the contribution of Sophie Marchal-Mauer, ANSES (Nancy Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory), France.

© VSF Germany
© VSF Germany
© VSF Germany

Past issues

Recent publications

Animal and human rabies

Evidence-based One Health strategy is essential to eliminate rabies by 2030.
Acharya, K. P., Mohapatra, R. K., Mishra, S., et al. (2026). Annals of Medicine and Surgery, in press
https://journals.lww.com/annals-of-medicine-and-surgery/fulltext/9900/evidence_based_one_health_strategy_is_essential_to.4527.aspx

Public health implications of rabies detection in an apparently healthy domestic cat involved in a human bite: A case report.
Bata, S. I., Malgwi, R. I., Tekki, S., et al. (2026). Animal Research International, 23(1), 6784-6789.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ari/article/view/323503

Factores Asociados a la Persistencia de la Rabia Canina en Cochabamba – Bolivia y sus Implicaciones para la Salud Pública.
Guerra Linares, S., Mendoza Zelada, M. S., Bautista Tasilla, A. M., et al. (2026). Prisma ODS: Revista Multidisciplinaria sobre Desarrollo Sostenible, 5(2), 346-372.
https://prismaods.latindes.org/index.php/pods/article/view/219

Retraction: Application of a Mathematical Model in Determining the Spread of the Rabies Virus: Simulation Study.
JMIR Publications Editorial Office. (2026). JMIR Publications Toronto, Canada, in press
https://medinform.jmir.org/2026/1/e98666

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF A STRUCTURED HEALTH EDUCATION INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE OF RABIES PROPHYLAXIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Kouser, W. and Akther, N. (2026). Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 4(2), 58-63.
https://www.ajmrhs.com/journal/article/view/363/272

Assessing Spatial Accessibility of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics in Gansu province, China.
Liu, S., Jin, N., Liang, X., et al. (2026). Frontiers in Public Health, 14, 1826911.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1826911/abstract

Barriers to dog bite case management and dog rabies vaccination in Soroti District, Uganda.
Odoch, T., Agado, D., Dürr, S., et al. (2026). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 13, 1814100.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1814100/abstract

Wildlife Rabies Virus Dynamics in Alabama, 2020–25.
Rupprecht, C. E., Ellis, M., Jones, D. W., et al. (2026). The Journal of Wildlife Diseases, in press
https://jwd.kglmeridian.com/view/journals/jwdi/aop/article-10.7589-JWD-D-26-00027/article-10.7589-JWD-D-26-00027.xml

COMMUNITY AWARENESS OF THE ANTI-RABIES ACT OF 2007: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY AND DOG-RELATED INCIDENT PREVENTION.
Sebuja Jr, L. E., Naquila, K. M. C., Villanueva, J. P. G., et al. (2026). DDOSC Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(1), 15-29.
https://ddosc.edu.ph/ddoscmrj-v4i1-002/

Epidemiology of rabies in camels.
Saeed, I. K., Ali, Y. H., Mohieddeen, T. A. G., et al. (2026). Journal of Advanced Veterinary & Animal Research, 13(1), 221.
https://bdvets.org/JAVAR/V13I1/m1025_pp221-227.pdf

Analysis of immunological epidemiological characteristics and vaccination completion status of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis population in Chongchuan district from 2022 to 2024.
Cao, Z.-J., Gu, H., Ge, T.-T., et al. (2026). Progress in Modern Biomedicine, 26(6), 826–832.
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20260186446

Multi-sectoral health system analysis for zoonotic diseases management: An application of Parsons’ Social System Action Theory to improve One Health practice for rabies control in Burkina Faso.
Savadogo, M., Nkuembe, V. N., Alambedji, R. B., et al. (2026). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 254, 106936.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587726001558

Trends in reported animal bites and rabies-related mortality in Nepal (2014–2024): A descriptive analysis of national surveillance data.
Bhandari, S., Anisha, K. C., Bharati, N., et al. (2026). One Health Bulletin, in press
https://www.ovid.com/jnls/ohbl/fulltext/10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_84_25~trends-in-reported-animal-bites-and-rabies-related-mortality

Re-emergent snakehead rhabdovirus in Thailand after two decades: Isolation and genomic characterization.
Angsujinda, K., Daewang, N., Pirarat, N., et al. (2026). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 57(3), e70103.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jwas.70103

Trends and Burden of Human Rabies in Iran 2012–2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A., Akbarein, H., Bashar, R., et al. (2026). Health Science Reports, 9(5), e72233.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hsr2.72233

Epidemiology of Dog Bites and Barriers to Rabies Prevention in Ghana.
Anane, H. M., Yeboah, R., Frederick, N., et al. (2026). Research Square, 21 May, 2026
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9259209/v1

Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies Outbreaks in the European Union and Türkiye (2013–2023).
Rankova, R., Muz, D., Koev, K., et al. (2026). Life, 16(6), 877.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/16/6/877

Implications of CDC’s Decision to Suspend Rabies Testing.
Hocevar, R. (2026). Emergency Medicine News, 48(5), 22.
https://journals.lww.com/em-news/fulltext/2026/06000/implications_of_cdc_s_decision_to_suspend_rabies.18.aspx

Biosurveillance and early outbreak detection of rabies in settings with limited laboratory capacity using spatiotemporal clustering and a machine learning framework.
Keshavamurthy, R., Blanton, J., Orciari, L., et al. (2026). Scientific Reports, in press
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-55346-7

The Critical Role of Rabies Prevention in Public Health.
Shabansalmani, N., Fazeli, M., Afzadi, H. A., et al. (2026). International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 15(1)
https://journals.lww.com/ijeh/fulltext/2026/05280/the_critical_role_of_rabies_prevention_in_public.5.aspx

Study to Assess the Factors Influencing Delay in Initiation of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis among Paediatric Animal Bite Victims.
Nibhoria, K., Upadhyay, M., Singh, A., et al. (2026). SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences, 12(3), 9901-9905.
https://iijls.com/currentissue/Delay_Initiation_Prophylaxis_Paediatric_Animal_Bite_Victims.pdf

Barriers to Canine Rabies Vaccination in Nigeria: Implications for Rabies Elimination by 2030.
Mshelbwala, P. P., Paul, B. T., Njoga, E. O., et al. (2026). Zoonoses and Public Health, in press
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.70070

Practitioner’s perspectives on access to Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Tanzania: A mixed-methods and theoretically-informed study to inform policy and practice.
Lushasi, K., Rees, E. M., Barker, C., et al. (2026). PLOS Global Public Health, 6(5), e0005595.
https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005595

A Study on Delay in Initiation of Post-exposure Prophylaxis among the Animal Bite Victims from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.
Maiti, A., Sharma, A., Patel, S., et al. (2026). Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 51(2), 246-252.
https://journals.lww.com/ijcm/fulltext/2026/03000/a_study_on_delay_in_initiation_of_post_exposure.7.aspx

Retrospective Study of Dog Bite and Rabies Cases among Patients that Attended Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia (2020-2024).
Chioma, U.-K. E. and Ifechukwu, C. V. (2026). International Journal of Pathogen Research, 15(3), 23-33.
https://hal.science/hal-05616729

Rabies Prevention in Algeria: Regulatory Framework, Preventive Measures, and Perspectives.
Imad, A. (2026). International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 4(2), 87-95.
https://bluemarkpublishers.com/index.php/IJMHR/article/view/825

Global Surveillance Evidence of Rabies as a Threat to Wildlife Conservation.
Avram, E. E. and Chand, R. (2026). American Journal of Student Research, 4(3), 20-27.
https://ajosr.org/papers/volume-4/issue-3/global-surveillance-evidence-of-rabies-as-a-threat-to-wildlife-conservation/

Fatal encephalomyelitis outbreak among dairy cows caused by rabies virus phylogroup-1 with co-occurrence of Chlamydia abortus.
Chahota, R., Gupta, T., Gupta, S., et al. (2026). Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 57(1), 140.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42770-026-01959-z

Prevalence Of Rabies In The Third District Of Nueva Ecija: Basis For Public Awareness.
Bernardino, M. (2026). SALETTINIAN OPEN ACADEMIC REVIEW, 8(1), 208-233.
https://www.ejournals.ph/article.php?id=34191

Rabies in a dog commercially imported into Germany from Russia, 2026.
Freuling, C. M., Rogoll, L., Calvelage, S., et al. (2026). Eurosurveillance, 31(19), 2600372.
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.19.2600372

A VIRUS IN THE HEADLINES: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF JOURNALISTIC COVERAGE OF RABIES IN A MAJOR STATEWIDE NEWSPAPER.
Carneiro, A. J. B., Bastos, J. S., Brito, R. L., et al. (2026). ARACÊ, 8(5), e13048.
https://periodicos.newsciencepubl.com/arace/article/view/13048


Diagnosis – Virology – Vaccinology

Working toward a single-dose vaccine for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.
Graf, T. P. and McHugh, K. J. (2026). Future Virology, in press
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17460794.2026.2667092

Enhanced immunogenicity of the rabies virus glycoprotein fused to a dendritic cell-targeting peptide.
Bakhsheshi, A., Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, F., Gholami, A., et al. (2026). Scientific Reports, in press
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-51181-y

New chapter in rabies vaccine development.
Visser, L. G. (2026). The Lancet Infectious Diseases, in press
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(26)00137-4/fulltext

MG132-mediated inhibition of rabies virus replication via the Nrf2/SQSTM1/PINK1/Parkin autophagy pathway.
Chi, Y. L., Yang, N., Xie, Y., et al. (2026). Virology Journal, in press
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12985-026-03164-8

ADVANCING RABIES DIAGNOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS COMPARING MOLECULAR AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND EARLY DETECTION IN HUMANS.
Askar, S., Subitha and Jayaraman. (2026). Genetics and Molecular Research, in press
https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/view/468

Direct fluorescent antibody test for determination of TCID50 potency for multiple batches of anti-rabies vaccine produced in Nigeria.
Egbuji, A. N. and Tekki, I. S. (2026). Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 24(1), 47-53.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sokjvs/article/view/321304

Histological and ultrastructural analysis of regional variations in Negri bodies with inner bodies in naturally infected rabid dogs.
Markbordee, B., Cabic, A. G. B., Iamohbhars, N., et al. (2026). Veterinary Pathology, in press
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/03009858261441529

Compatibility of Lignocaine with Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin: An In Vitro Study Supporting Pain Management During Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis.
Nujum, Z. T., Prathuish, P. R., Gopi, D., et al. (2026). Research Square, 03 May, 2026
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9124830/v1

Media-dependent performance of rabies virus-like particle production under low oxygen tension in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells.
Rabello, J. P., Teruya, M. M., Barrence, F. Â. C., et al. (2026). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, in press
https://repositorio.usp.br/item/003300513

Safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine over 1 year in adults and children in Tanzania: interim data from an ongoing, partly randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2 trial.
Ritchie, A. J., Hassan, O., Urasa, N., et al. (2026). The Lancet Infectious Diseases, in press
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(26)00071-X/fulltext

Protocol to produce and apply barcoded rabies virus for single-neuron input mapping in mice.
Tan, K., Wang, Y.-q., Fan, L., et al. (2026). STAR Protocols, 7(2), 104537.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666166726001905

Comparative evaluation of purification strategies for anti-rabies immunoglobulins: Impact on yield, functional activity, and stability: Purification of anti-rabies immunoglobulins.
Nurmukhambetova, A., Ustenova, G., Barshagul, B., et al. (2026). Letters In Animal Biology, 6(2), 30-37.
https://www.liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/339

 Development and validation of a Vero cell DNA standard for residual DNA measurement suitable for quantitative PCR method.
Zhao, D., Wang, Y., Wu, X., et al. (2026). Frontiers in Microbiology, 17
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1708044

Structural overview of lyssavirus glycoproteins, antibodies, and receptors.
Callaway Heather, M. (2026). Journal of Virology, in press
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.01786-25

Post-Marketing Surveillance Data of Adverse Events Following Immunization with Human Rabies Vaccine — China, 2021–2024.
Zhang, L., Li, K., Li, Y., et al. (2026). China CDC Weekly, 8(17), 495-500.
https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.079

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Positive-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial of an Anti-Rabies Monoclonal Antibody for Category III Rabies Exposure in Individuals Under 18 Years — China, 2021–2023.
Li, J., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2026). China CDC Weekly, 8(17), 513-519.
https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.082

Counterfeit anti-rabies vaccine as a neglected issue: a manufacturers’ perspective.
Mishra, S., Tuglo, L. S., Mohapatra, R. K., et al. (2026). International Journal of Surgery Oncology, in press
https://www.ovid.com/jnls/ijsoncology/fulltext/10.1097/ij9.0000000000000150~counterfeit-anti-rabies-vaccine-as-a-neglected-issue-a

Discovery of Serum Biomarkers for Early Detection of Rabies Virus Infection Using Global Metabolic Profiling.
Wongwadhunyoo, W., Tipthara, P., Tarning, J., et al. (2026). Research Square, 19 May, 2026
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9323973/v1

Clinical Studies of Rabies Vaccines in India: A Review and Pooled Analysis of Immunogenicity and Safety Outcomes.
Singh, S., Tyagi, N. and Kumar, N. (2026). International Journal of Recent Trends in Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3), 55-65.
https://www.ijrtmr.com/current-issue/paper-details?paperid=355&papertitle=clinical-studies-of-rabies-vaccines-in-india-a-review-and-pooled-analysis-of-immunogenicity-and-safety-outcomes

Rabies virus glycoprotein variants modulate neuronal nicotinic receptors in a conformation-dependent manner.
Akaberi, S. M., Yeasmin, S., Sapkota, P., et al. (2026). Scientific Reports, in press
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-53603-3

Correction: Fukushima et al. Long-Term Immunogenicity of Rabies Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Japanese Adult Travelers: Comparison of Dosing Regimens. Vaccines 2025, 13, 1169.
Fukushima, S., Nishizono, A., Hashimoto, T., et al. (2026). Vaccines, 14(6), 472.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/14/6/472

Sodium Pyruvate Supplementation Enhances Infectious Yield and Supports Host-Cell Stability of Rabies Virus CVS-11 in a High-Density Macrocarrier-Based Tide-Motion Culture System.
Imanbekova, T., Akhmetsadykov, N., Shanbayev, B., et al. (2026). Viruses, 18(6), 600.
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/18/6/600

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of Rabies virus isolated from domestic animals in Mauritania.
El-Wehab, N. A., Faye, M., Seye, A. O., et al. (2026). International Journal of Veterinary Science, 15(2), 369-376.
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20260223662

A Case Report of Rabies in an HIV Patient: Diagnostic Challenges and Near-Miss Recognition.
Yu, L., Wan, H., Zhang, Z., et al. (2026). Infection and Drug Resistance, 2026(19), 609173.
https://www.dovepress.com/a-case-report-of-rabies-in-an-hiv-patient-diagnostic-challenges-and-ne-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

Integration of Physicochemical Profiling and HLA Class II Binding for the Identification of Conserved Epitopes in the Glycoprotein of Lyssaviruses from Phylogroups I and II.
Lima, A. M. C., Coelho, T. F. S. B. and Carvalho, C. A. M. (2026). Immuno, 6(2), 37.
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/6/2/37

 Incomplete rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in international travelers: an analysis of incidence and risk factors.
Soravipukuntorn, T., Asawapaithulsert, P., Looareesuwan, P., et al. (2026). Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 72, 102991.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893926000414

Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis in Children: Real-World Practices From an 11-Year Retrospective Study in Türkiye.
Kara-Aksay, A., Demirciler, G. A., Lemay, N., et al. (2026). Acta Paediatrica, in press
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/apa.70589

Intradermal immunisation against rabies in animals.
Acharya, K. P., Phuyal, S. and Branda, F. (2026). Veterinary Record, 198(10), 443-444.
https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/vetr.70774

The impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: A comparative study in Wuhan, 2022 vs. 2023.
Du, Y.-T., Hu, X., Zhu, Z.-G., et al. (2026). Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 22(1), 2671578.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2026.2671578

Antibody response following rabies vaccination: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary centre in Kerala, India.
Suresh, R., Sujatha, C., Saju, A. P., et al. (2026). Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in press
https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trag055/8674881

The role of Chrna2+ Martinotti cells in the primary motor cortex : A study using retrograde rabies virus-based tracing and chemogenetics.
Velica, A. (2026). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, p. 85.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-584751

Development and characterization of pseudotype-based microneutralization assay to assess functionality of anti-rabies protein G antibodies.
Antonelli, R., Vezzani, G., Guerrini, N., et al. (2026). F1000Research, 15(718), 718.
https://f1000research.com/articles/15-718

In silico design of a multi-epitope rabies vaccine candidate incorporating African HLA diversity: A reverse vaccinology approach.
Afnani, M. R., Emilia, N. F., Nurlaili, E., et al. (2026). Narra X, 4(1), e263.
https://narrax.org/main/article/view/263