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Scientific Watch Bulletin on Rabies

Produced by: United Against Rabies Forum

The Scientific Watch Bulletin on Rabies is a monthly collation of scientific literature on rabies.

This monitoring work is carried out with the contribution of Sophie Marchal-Mauer, ANSES (Nancy Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory), France.

© VSF Germany
© VSF Germany
© VSF Germany

Past issues

Recent publications

Animal and human rabies

Don’t let war and conflict impede rabies control in Iraq
K. P. Acharya, P. Sarita, S. A. A., et al. (2025). Infectious Diseases, in press.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23744235.2025.2514243

India Needs a Novel Public-Private Partnership Program to Expand Surgical Dog Population Management to Support Canine Rabies Control Work
I. Airikkala-Otter. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 17-22.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4559

Vaccination and immigration rates influence raccoon rabies elimination and recolonization in simulated urban-suburban landscapes
E. M. Beasley and T. Poisot. (2025). EcoEvoRxiv, 2025-06-03.
https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/9342/

Death will be the physician that cures: the treatment of rabies in the XIX Century
P. Brandão. (2025). Jornal Memorial da Medicina, 7(1), 13-18.
https://www.jornalmemorialdamedicina.com/index.php/jmm/article/view/159

Rabies in Institutional Livestock: A Case Report and Occupational Risk Assessment
T. Das, J. B. Dutta and S. Goswami. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 23-27.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4477

A United Front for Rabies Elimination from India – Advancing One Health Through Collaboration
S. Isloor. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 3-4.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4603

Spatial analysis of rabies using ArcGIS Pro tools
A. M. Kabzhanova, S. K. Abdrakhmanov, G. N. Yessembekova, et al. (2025). HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: Veterinary sciences, (2).
https://bulletinofscience.kazatu.edu.kz/index.php/veterinary-science/article/view/1964

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Trend of Animal Bite Cases Attending an Anti-Rabies Clinic in a Rural District in the Sub-Himalayan Region of North India: A Record-Based Descriptive Study
A. Gupta, D. Raj and S. Thakur. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 12-16.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4545

Travel-related potential rabid animal post-exposure consultation at the Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
R. Charoenwisedsil, T. Soravipukuntorn, K. Panyatanakun, et al. (2025). Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 66, 102870.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893925000766

Elimination of Dog-mediated Human Rabies by 2030 from India: A Cross-sectional Online Survey to Assess the Awareness of Rabies Elimination Strategies among Members Affiliated with the Association for Prevention and Control of Rabies in India
D. H. Ashwath Narayana, M. K. Poornima and M. K. Sudarshan. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 5-11.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4534

A Study on Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Rabies in Ambo Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
C. Kitaba, T. Rebuma, B. Nuguse, et al. (2025). Indian Journal of Veterinary Public Health, 11(1), 75.
https://ijvph.org/artical-landing-page/volume-11-issue-1-article-9/

Barriers to Sustaining Dog Vaccination Campaigns against Rabies: Perspectives from Dog and Cat Owners and Other Stakeholders in Kisarawe District, Tanzania
G. Mahiti, H. Mohamed, M. Sambo, et al. (2025). Tanzania Medical Journal, 36(2), 1-18.
https://tmj.or.tz/index.php/tmj/article/view/800

Detection and Prevalence of Rabies in Bats from Oaxaca
M. I. Medina Matías, M. García-Luis, O. E. Blanco Esquivel, et al. (2025). Microorganisms, 13(6), 1417.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1417

Distribution of Desmodus rotundus and Its Implications for Rabies in Mexico
J. I. Olave-Leyva, J. Martínez-Burnes, F. A. Toro-Cardona, et al. (2025). EcoHealth, in press.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10393-025-01719-9

History of Rabies in the Americas, Volume III. Reflections, Reports, Retrospectives, and Revelations
C. E. Rupprecht. (2025). Springer, 337 p.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-85085-1

A descriptive study on epidemiological profile of patients presenting with animal bites at a rural health facility in Uttarakhand, India
A. Sadasivan, P. Singh, R. Katre, et al. (2025). Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(5).
https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2025/05000/a_descriptive_study_on_epidemiological_profile_of.62.aspx

Reemergence of Human Rabies in an Endemic Peruvian Amazon Region
C. Sánchez-Álvarez, A. Chiappe-Gonzalez, C. Resurrección Delgado, et al. (2025). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, tpmd250032.
https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/aop/article-10.4269-ajtmh.25-0032/article-10.4269-ajtmh.25-0032.xml

The Economic Landscape of Global Rabies: A Scoping Review and Future Directions
M. Selleck, P. Koppes, C. Jareb, et al. (2025). Preprints, 202506.0130.v1.
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202506.0130/v1

Incidence and prevalence of rabies virus infections in tested humans and animals in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study
F. Shams, M. Jokar, E. Djalali, et al. (2025). One Health, 20, 101102.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001387

Space–time clustering of rabies in equines in Brazil from 2006 to 2023
V. V. d. Silva, D. P. d. S. B. M. Leite, L. M. T. Gonçalves, et al. (2025). Research in Veterinary Science, 193, 105724.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528825001985

Epidemiological Factors Contributing to an Outbreak of Rabies in Domesticated Mules and Effectiveness of Control Measures in Prevention of Spread of Disease to Animal Handlers: A Longitudinal Descriptive Study
S. Sinha and N. K. Sandhu. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 35-39.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4485

Retrospective epizootic and geographical characteristics of rabies in Ukraine
V. V. Ukhovskyi, L. Y. Korniienko, O. V. Rudoi, et al. (2025). Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Veterinary Sciences, 27(118), 32-43.
https://nvlvet.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/5556

Research trends and hotspots in viral neglected tropical diseases: a bibliometric analysis
Y. Wang, Z. Mengqi, L. Mingyu, et al. (2025). Future Microbiology, in press.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17460913.2025.2520694

Insights into the occurrence of rabies viruses in multi-species animals based on diagnostic laboratory submissions
A. Yondo, B. Enyetornye and T. Velayudhan Binu. (2025). Microbiology Spectrum, in press.
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00419-25

Integrated Program for Canine Rabies Elimination in Beijing (2014-2024)
Q. Yu, J. Liu, H. Zhao, et al. (2025). Policy Commons, 25 Mar 2025 https://policycommons.net/artifacts/20089497/canine-rabies-vaccination-surveillance-and-public-awareness-programme-in-beijing-china-2014-2024/20990022/

Exploring one health-based strategies for rabies elimination: Overview and future prospects
R. Zha, J. Lu, J. Chen, et al. (2025). PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19(6), e0013159.
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0013159

Rabies A Preventable yet Deadly Disease
R. M. Abdullah, H. M. Mudasir, F. Muhammad, et al. (2025). Pathways of Infection: Zoonoses and Environmental Disease Transmission, 145-151.
https://uniquescientificpublishers.com/pdf-files/HH/Pathways-of-Infection/145-151.pdf

Analysis of Reported Rabies Suspects in Lemu-Bilbilo, Ethiopia: A One-Year Retrospective Study
M. W. Arada. (2025). J Infect Dise Treat, 3(2), 1-5.
https://oaskpublishers.com/assets/article-pdf/Analysis-of-Reported-Rabies-Suspects-in-Lemu-Bilbilo-Ethiopia-A-One-Year–Retrospective-Study.pdf

Harnessing community knowledge and actions to strengthen rabies control programs in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Y. M. V. B. Aty, E. P. Astuti, F. Tat, et al. (2025). International Journal of One Health, 11(1), 159-170.
https://onehealthjournal.org/Vol.11/No.1/15.php

Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Zoonotic Diseases in China from 2015 to 2022
Y. Zhang, M. Geng, Y. Shi, et al. (2025). Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(6), 159.
https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/6/159

Rabies in livestock in the United States (2012–2021)
A. Payette-Stroman, Y. Ross, X. Ma, et al. (2025). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1-8.
https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.25.01.0019/ajvr.25.01.0019.xml

ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA RAIVA OVINA E CAPRINA NO BRASIL: uma contribuição para a vigilância em saúde animal
F. A. S. OLIVEIRA. (2025). Universidade Federal do Piauí (Brasil).
http://repositorio.ufpi.br:8080/handle/123456789/3928

UNDERSTANDING RABIES: CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN CONTROL AND PREVENTION
T. Jurayev Abdurakhim. (2025). Journal of Applied Science and Social Science, 15(5), 370-372.
https://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass/article/view/1121

Global burden and cross-country inequalities in rabies from 1990 to 2021: A systemic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Y.-F. Zhang, W.-W. Lv, Q. Yu, et al. (2025). MedAxis, 1(1), 1-33.
https://www.wisvora.org/index.php/MedAxis/article/view/32


Diagnosis – Virology – Vaccinology

The unsung virtue of thermostable anti-rabies vaccine
K. P. Acharya and S. Phuyal. (2025). Open Veterinary Journal, 15(5), 1864-1864.
https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=249753

Deep mutational scanning of rabies glycoprotein defines mutational constraint and antibody-escape mutations
A. K. Aditham, C. E. Radford, C. R. Carr, et al. (2025). Cell Host & Microbe, 33(6), 988-1003.e10.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312825001519

Step-by-Step Rabies Virus Genome Sequencing Protocol Using Nanopore (MinION)
K. Brunker, G. Jaswant and C. Bautista. (2025). Protocols.io, Jun 16, 2025.
https://www.protocols.io/view/step-by-step-rabies-virus-genome-sequencing-protoc-c8gxztxn.html

Circulating Antibody’s Role During Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, and Beyond for Rabies: A Review
Q. Chen, L. Cai, X. Lv, et al. (2025). Preprints, 2025061426.
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202506.1426/v1

First Isolation of Rabies Virus from a Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) in Inner Mongolia, China, 2024
S. Chen, A. Bao, G. Aodun, et al. (2025). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, 1598528.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1598528/abstract

Chimeric designs of rabies virus glycoprotein G enhance baculovirus pseudotyping and immunogenicity in mice: influence of the transmembrane domain and a flexible linker
R. Choque-Guevara, A. Poma-Acevedo, R. Montesinos-Millán, et al. (2025). Vaccine, 61, 127404.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X25007017

Availability of anti-rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin in Indian health facilities: a nationwide cross-sectional health facility survey
N. S. Krishna, J. W. Vivian Thangaraj, S. Devika, et al. (2025). The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 38, 100608.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772368225000794

Actuación frente a una mordedura de murciélago: reporte de un caso
J. N. Soriano, M. C. Laviñeta, L. M. Blasco, et al. (2025). Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, 6(2), 37.
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=10228768

Assessing Rabies Treatment Accessibility In Selected Metro Manila Cities Using GIS-based Techniques
J. C. Yadao and S. E. Lee. (2025). De La Salle University, Manila.
https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/conf_shsrescon/2025/poster_fnh/3/

Rabies virus glycoprotein: Structure, function, and antivirals
Y. You, F. Yang, S. Lin, et al. (2025). hLife, in press.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949928325000628

Unusual Canine Rabies Manifesting as Horner’s Syndrome: A Call for Expanded Diagnostic and Reservoir Surveillance
P. K. Ramkumar, K. Karthika, M. Saravanan, et al. (2025). APCRI Journal, 27(1), 28-34.
https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/APCRIJ/article/view/4468

The efficacy and safety of SYN023 (Zamerovimab and Mazorelvimab injection), the recombinant humanized anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibody mixture, combined with rabies vaccine in a WHO category III rabies post-exposure population: A randomized, double-blind, positive control, phase III clinical trial
X. Liu, J. Li, Y. Zha, et al. (2025). Vaccine, 61, 127289.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X25005869

Parallel Paths to Licensing the First Wildlife Rabies Vaccine in the United States
J. Maki and D. Gatewood. (2025). History of Rabies in the Americas, Volume III: Reflections, Reports, Retrospectives, and Revelations, 109-127.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-85085-1_7

Development of an oral gut-targeted rabies virus-like particles (RVLPs) vaccine with mucosal immune adjuvant LTB via delivering of localized-release microparticles
J. Niu, Z. Zhangting, Z. Tong, et al. (2025). Emerging Microbes & Infections, in press.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2515406

Characteristics, Post-exposure prophylaxis usage, and clinical features of Chinese human rabies cases, 2016–2020
Q. Ren, N. Chen, D. Mu, et al. (2025). PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19(6), e0013089.
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0013089

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of rabies pathogenesis in the clinical canine brain and identification of a kinase inhibitor as a potential repurposed antiviral agent
P. Chienwichai, K. Ketsuwan, B. Lumlertdacha, et al. (2025). PloS One, 20(6), e0323931.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0323931

Post anti-rabies vaccine encephalitis presenting as acute psychosis: Case reports
B. Fasil, M. Kelebie, F. Gashaw, et al. (2025). IDCases, 41, e02305.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250925001611

From acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)–Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) and myelitis to progressive encephalopathy : acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) atypical presentation of rabies following dog bite
V. K. Gowda, A. Varghese, N. P. Doddamani, et al. (2025). BMJ Case Reports, 18(6), e265661.
http://casereports.bmj.com/content/18/6/e265661.abstract

Interaction of the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein with Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and its Possible Impact on Behavioral Changes
L. Hamrle. (2025). Univerzita Karlova, Praha.
https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/199435

Exploring the role of infected keratinocytes during rabies virus infection
K. Kroh, R. Rahmat, L. Begeman, et al. (2025). npj Viruses, 3(1), 53.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s44298-025-00134-9

Rabies virus utilizes neuropilin 2 as an endocytic receptor to trigger TGFBR1-mediated actin polymerization
Z. Sun, J. Wang, Z. Wen, et al. (2025). Journal of Virology, in press.
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.00638-25

A lyophilized anti-rabies mRNA-LNP vaccine induces early and robust immune responses from a single-dose subcutaneous administration
Y. Wang, T. Yu, S. Zhang, et al. (2025). Veterinary Microbiology, 307, 110612.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113525002470